Beer's bitter compounds could help brew new medicines

Jan. 29, 2013 ? Researchers employing a century-old observational technique have determined the precise configuration of humulones, substances derived from hops that give beer its distinctive flavor.

That might not sound like a big deal to the average brewmaster, but the findings overturn results reported in scientific literature in the last 40 years and could lead to new pharmaceuticals to treat diabetes, some types of cancer and other maladies.

"Now that we have the right results, what happens to the bitter hops in the beer-brewing process makes a lot more sense," said Werner Kaminsky, a University of Washington research associate professor of chemistry.

Kaminsky is the lead author of a paper describing the findings, published this month in the journal Angewandte Chemie International Edition.

There is documentation that beer and its bittering acids, in moderation, have beneficial effects on diabetes, some forms of cancer, inflammation and perhaps even weight loss.

Kaminsky used a process called X-ray crystallography to figure out the exact structure of those acids, humulone molecules and some of their derivatives, produced from hops in the brewing process. That structure is important to researchers looking for ways to incorporate those substances, and their health effects, into new pharmaceuticals.

Humulone molecules are rearranged during the brewing process to contain a ring with five carbon atoms instead of six. At the end of the process two side groups are formed that can be configured in four different ways -- both groups can be above the ring or below, or they can be on opposite sides.

Which of the forms the molecule takes determines its "handedness," Kaminsky said, and that is important for understanding how a particular humulone will react with another substance. If they are paired correctly, they will fit together like a nut and bolt.

If paired incorrectly, they might not fit together at all or it could be like placing a right hand into a left-handed glove. That could produce disastrous results in pharmaceuticals.

Kaminsky cited thalidomide, which has a number of safe uses but was famously used to treat morning sickness in pregnant women in the late 1950s and early 1960s before it was discovered to cause birth defects. Molecule "handedness" in one form of the drug was responsible for the birth defects, while the orientation of molecules in another form did not appear to have the negative effects.

To determine the configuration of humulones formed in the brewing process, coauthors Jan Urban, Clinton Dahlberg and Brian Carroll of KinDex Therapeutics, a Seattle pharmaceutical firm that funded the research, recovered acids from the brewing process and purified them.

They converted the humulones to salt crystals and sent them to Kaminsky, who used X-ray crystallography -- a technique developed in the early 20th century -- to determine the exact configuration of the molecules.

"Now that we know which hand belongs to which molecule, we can determine which molecule goes to which bitterness taste in beer," Kaminsky said.

The authors point out that while "excessive beer consumption cannot be recommended to propagate good health, isolated humulones and their derivatives can be prescribed with documented health benefits."

Some of the compounds have been shown to affect specific illnesses, Kaminsky said, while some with a slight difference in the arrangement of carbon atoms have been ineffective.

The new research sets the stage for finding which of those humulones might be useful in new compounds to be used as medical treatments.

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Story Source:

The above story is reprinted from materials provided by University of Washington.

Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.

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Journal Reference:

1. Jan Urban, Clinton J. Dahlberg, Brian J. Carroll, Werner Kaminsky. Absolute Configuration of Beer?s Bitter Compounds. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 2013; 52 (5): 1553 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201208450

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: This article is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/~3/-SRPSXQJGt8/130129130849.htm

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Review: Apple MacBook Pro 13? Retina Display Laptop

The Apple MacBook Pro 13? Retina has been out for a while and it?s been in use with me since it was announced. Over that time period, I have tested it, pushed it, tweaked it, and travelled with it. Many creative professionals swear by Apple products though some of us have been jumping ship to the PC world due to what we believe is a lack of innovation on part of the company.

But as far as this editor goes, I?ve got no major complaints.

?

Pros and Cons

Pros

- Excellent resolution for editing photos whether they go on the web or in print

- Calibrates significantly easier with the Spyder Pro 4 than previous Macbook laptops.

- A master multi-tasking machine

- Connects effortlessly to other devices such as Airplay enabled printers, Apple airport express, Apple TV, and the iPad mini.

- Simple resolution tweaking with a couple clicks of a button

- Insanely fast

Cons

- Keyboard wasn?t as comfortable as previous 13 inch Macbooks and took some time to get used to

- The gestures all changed and needed to be relearned.

- Expensive laptop for something that doesn?t have an interchangeable video card

- I can never add more RAM to this laptop, so it requires more contant maintenance.

Gear Used

My basic setup includes:

- My various cameras

- The Spyder Elite 4 Calibration setup

- Logitech M510 USB mouse

- Apple Airport Express

- Apple TV

Tech Specs

Specs taken from the B&H Photo Video listing of the unit

Performance
Processor	2.9GHz?Intel?Core i7?Dual-Core
Cache	L3: 4MB
Memory	Type: 1600MHz DDR3L SDRAM Installed: 8GB
Graphics Card	Type: Integrated Installed: Intel HD Graphics?4000?Shared

Display
Type	Widescreen
Size	13.3?
Backlight	LED
Aspect Ratio	16:9
Finish	Glossy
Native Resolution	2560 x 1600
Supported Resolutions	1680 x 1050 at 16:10 Aspect Ratio 1440 x 900 at 16:10 Aspect Ratio 1024 x 600 at 16:10 Aspect Ratio
External Resolution	Up to 2560 x 1600
Dual Display	Yes
Video Mirroring	Yes

Storage
Hard Drive	Installed: 256GB Type: Flash Storage
Optical Drive	None

Input/Output Connectors
Ports	2x Thunderbolt 2x USB 3.0 (A)
Display	2x Mini DisplayPort?via Thunderbolt port 1x HDMI
Audio	Integrated Stereo Speakers 2x Integrated Digital Microphone 1x Combo Analog Headphone/Optical Digital Audio Out
Flash Media Slot	1x SDXC

Communications
Network	None
Wi-Fi	802.11a/b/g/n
Bluetooth	Bluetooth 4.0
Mobile Broadband	None
Webcam	Not Specified By Manufacturer

General
Operating System	Mac OS X 10.8 Mountain Lion?(64-bit)
Security	Not Specified By Manufacturer
Keyboard	Keys: 78 Type: Standard Notebook Keyboard
Pointing Device	TouchPad with Double-Tap, Drag, Four-Finger Swipe, Inertial Scrolling, Multi-Touch Control, Pinch, Rotate, Tap, Three-Finger Swipe
Battery	Lithium-Polymer Providing up to 7 Hours per Charge
Power Requirements	AC: 100-240 V AC, 50-60Hz Consumption: 60W
Dimensions (WxHxD)	12.3 x 0.7 x 8.6??/?31.2 x 1.8 x 21.8 cm
Weight	3.57 lb?/?1.62 kg

Ergonomics

Apple?s Macbook Pro Retina 13? retains everything that the company has become known for over the past couple of years in terms of ergonomics. This laptop is very simplistic and minimalist in design, and one can tell that they tried to keep it to just the essentials and nothing else.

When you open the laptop, you?ll see changes from the laptops of years previous. For instance, the computer no longer has a recessed power button built into the case. Instead, it is on the keyboard in the top right corner. Mostly everything else on the keyboard though is the same. However, Apple has spaced the keys out a bit more.

I used to own a regular Macbook that was tricked out to be just as powerful as a Macbook Pro. I still prefer its older keyboard to this new one. It took a while to get used to this new one and at some times it still bothers me. For instance, if I?m at my desk in my apartment, typing on this laptop for a very long amount of time can surely get done but for some odd reason or another it seems like this laptop was designed with the target demographic being cafe goers. And indeed, when at a cafe, I feel much more comfortable working on this laptop perhaps due to the smaller tables that cafes have vs. my desk.

Apple users update their laptops around typically every four or five years. Users that purchase the MacBook Pro Retina 13? will notice that the battery is no longer detachable nor is the hard drive accessible. In a move that angered many when the laptop was announced, it is physically impossible to customize this laptop after it has been built for you.

On the left side the user gets quite a bit of connectivity options. First off there is the power adapter port, then two thunderbolt ports, a USB 3.0 port, and a headphone jack.

Yes, you get a headphone jack but no microphone port. Want to use a microphone? Then you?ll need to use Apples built-in mic or you?ll need to get a USB port option. When you?re an Editor in Chief and need to narrate a voiceover in Adobe Premiere Elements, good luck. It will be quite annoying.

On the right side is another USB Port (which houses the connector for my mouse), an HDMI port, and an SD card port.

The fact that it is just so much simpler to use the SD card port vs an external connector has actually forced me to switch my entire camera system over to SD cards instead. For my 5D Mk II, I take an SD card and put it inside of an SD to CF adapter. It has worked out quite well so far.

Build Quality

This machine overall feels quite solid and very elegant. It surely feels more solid than other laptops out there perhaps due to the aluminum body.

Nothing about the Macbook Pro 13? Retina feels cheap. From the connectors, to the way the screen peels back from its collapsed state and to the way that the keys feel when you?re typing?you know that you?ve purchased a very high quality machine.

The Macbook has travelled with me in various camera bags, in planes, on the subway, and has survived the general tumble and tussle that an average NYC commuter will throw at their gear.

Ease of Use

For most of my uses, the Macbook Pro Retina 13 inch has been very simple to use. In the beginning though, there were quite a bit of caveats.

To start, it took a full three days for all the files from my old computer to transfer to my new computer using Apple?s interface. Three days? Yes. The Macbook had an issue trying to recognize my apartment?s wifi router, so after some investigation we finally found out that it wasn?t transferring the files. Instead, I switched to a hard wire connection and that took around two hours to port nearly everything over.

Then there were Apple?s changes in the gestures which partially came with Lion.

For example, three fingers swiped across the mousepad used to give me my Dashboard. Now, I have to swipe four fingers to the left.

Four fingers up lets me access all of my tabs. Two fingers down or up helps me to navigate?those all seem fine.

Thankfully, because Apple imported most of my previous settings this laptop was easier to use down the line. It became a bit more complicated when I purchased an Apple TV, Airport Express, and an iPad Mini.

For example, I found out that if I wanted to beam Spotify into my room (where my Airport Express is hooked up to a speaker system) I can hold down the option key and click on the audio icon in the top right corner. Then it gives me the option of having all audio beamed through to there or through the internal speakers.

Performance

The Macbook Pro Retina 13? performs like a speed demon. It has a speedy startup in around three seconds and hasn?t started to lag out on me yet. Even when having Photoshop Elements, Adobe Premiere Elements, Lightroom 4, Chrome, Spotfiy, and Steam (because every photographer has to play video games sometimes) the laptop hasn?t slowed down. However, the fans will blare like sirens sometimes.

In terms of visual performance, I can?t say a bad thing about the Retina display. It has helped me to edit and create better images since getting it. To boot, it is also very simple to calibrate using Spyder?s software and utilities.

This laptop?s screen is very bright. Since quitting my day job, I often work at home and being a freelancer and editor of this website demands me to work at a furious pace. In the morning, I?ll work without a light on in my living room (where my desk is) because of the soft window light coming in that works perfectly. But as outside gets darker, I?ll realize that my entire room is so dark after a while that I should turn on a light. Nonetheless, the screen illuminates the entire living room, some of my roommate?s room, and a part of my kitchen. This is with the setting on the brightest, do note.

Assisting With Tasks

This machine is sometimes used for more than just work as it is my personal computer. However, it can be one heck of a workhorse.

Airport Express

As stated before, I can beam music from Spotify to my Airport Express in my room. Granted, the connection goes in and out like crazy. So I only reserve it for when I really need it.

Apple TV

Mirroring my computer?s display onto my Apple TV and then onto my 43? television can be quite useful at times. When News Editor Peter Walkowiak was staying over my apartment for a week, I showed him the beauty of Adobe Lightroom editing simplicity on my big screen when mirrored through Apple TV. He was speechless.

When it comes to wanting to accomplish other tasks though (like watching a YouTube video) the best experience comes from using Safari because it also transmits the sound. In fact, Apple?s products often work best with each other. In many cases, I will end up favoriting a video on YouTube, turning on Apple TV, going to the YouTube app, and then going into my favorites to find the video?and that?s providing everything has synced.

I really wish that Apple would be a tad bit more open.

Also thankfully, Chrome is Retina display ready.

iPad Mini

I rarely connect my iPad Mini to my computer, though I should more often. I keep my portfolio on the Mini to show off when I need to.

iCloud could have this taken care of, but I also hate iPhoto and instead manually set a folder to by synced. It works with my overall workflow because folders move on and off of my desktop all the time.

Otherwise, the Mini is often right next to my laptop screen and when I?m busy in freelance work, editing, or something else then the little notifications that come up on it almost make it act like a second monitor. For example, if my friends are messaging me to the point of insanity on Facebook, that will stay synced easily. Same goes for Gmail. Overall, it helps keep the load off of the laptop when also combined with what my phone is capable of.

Indeed, I don?t have an iPhone. I?m sticking to the HTC One S: which has been beaten up quite a bit. Many people tell me that I should just give in and get one, but Android?s handheld devices are just so much more?wondrous.

In Use With Editing

One of the primary reasons why I went for the 13? Retina display laptop was for the display and powerhouse that it can be for editing. And in my tests so far, I?ve seen no major problems.

Lightroom 4

Everything that you would expect from Lightroom 4 works well with the new laptop but better. The software is retina display ready, so no matter what you?ve set your DPI to, you will get the clearest and crispest images you can. Ensure that your display is properly calibrated for even better results.

If you have high megapixel cameras, you really should spring for this laptop as you?ll be able to work with the higher resolutions even easier when it comes to retouching.

Adobe Premiere Elements 11

At the time of publishing this review, this software isn?t Retina display ready yet. In order for me to work with it, I often need to lower my DPI settings down to a normal level instead of the HiDPI settings. It?s a real pity.

Conclusions

So am I happy that I made this purchase? Absolutely. This laptop is being used much more like my primary work machine than for showing off portfolios or anything else. And for running websites, editing photos, and the?occasional video edit, I have no problems with the software.

If you?re a professional photographer, you should save up for this laptop because it will make your overall workflow and images better. The display is loads better than previous ones have been and the images I edit often look great not only to me, but my clients. Sure, it?s not perfect: I really wish that I could add more RAM or install a new graphics card , but I?ll have to make do with what I have and maintain the machine well, which I sometimes slack on because of being so busy.

Please Support The Phoblographer

We love to bring you guys the latest and greatest news and gear related stuff. However, we can?t keep doing that unless we have your continued support. If you would like to purchase any of the items mentioned, please do so by clicking our links first and then purchasing the items as we then get a small portion of the sale to help run the website.

Also, please follow us on?Facebook,?Flickr?and?Twitter.

// ]]>

Tagged as: 13 inch, 13", adobe lightroom 3, Adobe Premiere, airport express, apple, apple tv, ipad mini, MacBook, performance, photoshop, pro, Retina, speed

Source: http://www.thephoblographer.com/2013/01/31/review-apple-macbook-pro-13-retina-display-laptop/

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Mourners throng church ahead of funeral of murdered garda

THE church holding the funeral mass of Det Gda Adrian Donohoe is already full ahead of the service which begins later today.

Mourners have been arriving since 10am this morning.

Already arrived at the church are Ann McCabe, wife of slain Det Gda Jerry McCabe, Justice Minister Alan Shatter, David Forde, the northern justice minister, Garda Commissioner Martin Callinan, Fianna F?il leader Micheal Martin and numerous other Garda and political figures, including Northern Ireland Secretary of State Teresa Villiers.

The 1,000 capacity church is already full.

President Michael D Higgins and his wife Sabina have also arrived, as have Taoiseach Enda Kenny, Tanaiste Eamon Gilmore, Finance Minister Michael Noonan, Public Expenditure Minister Brendan Howlin, Social Protection Minister Joan Burton, Health Minister James Reilly, Communications Minister Pat Rabbitte, Children's Minister Frances Fitzgerald, Agriculture Minister Simon Coveney, Arts Minister Jimmy Deenihan, Sinn Fein leader Gerry Adams and former justice minister Dermot Ahern.

More to follow

- Fiach Kelly

Comments that are judged to be defamatory, abusive or in bad taste are not acceptable and contributors who consistently fall below certain criteria will be permanently blacklisted. Comments must be concise and to the point. The moderator will not enter into debate with individual contributors and the moderator's decision is final. The comment facility is removed after 48 hours.

Source: http://www.independent.ie/national-news/mourners-throng-church-ahead-of-funeral-of-murdered-garda-3370447.html

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Harvard's NFL Study Will Help Both Players and Fans

Harvard University isn't the first institute of higher learning that comes to mind when mentioning professional football. The school's own football team is typically unremarkable and non-newsworthy (except for its yearly rival match against Yale). Harvard has produced only one NFL quarterback (The Buffalo Bills' Ryan Fitzpatrick), and the Crimson is not considered a farm team for the pros. Academics and research are Harvard's strong suits.

And now, Harvard will use its talents to aid the NFL in a way no star linebacker ever could. Researchers across disciplines will conduct a comprehensive, $100 million study to look at safety and health issues affecting professional football players. And it's not just the concussions, brain injuries, and tragic suicides that have brought player safety to the forefront of late (and led President Obama to observe that he might not have allowed a son to play football, if he'd had one). The study, according to a report in the Harvard Gazette, will look at a whole range of player health and safety matters, including skeletal and muscle injuries, psychological stress, and diabetes. Lee Nadler, Harvard Medical School's dean for clinical and translational research, Virginia and D.K. Ludwig Professor of Medicine at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, told the Gazette:

Our goal is to transform the health of these athletes. In order to extend the life expectancy and quality of life of NFLPA members, we must understand the entire athlete, all the associated health risks, and all of their interactions. We refer to this comprehensive approach as the ?Integrated NFL Player.' Harvard Catalyst [which will direct the program] will convene and connect investigators from all disciplines, in all departments, across all of Harvard's component Schools and affiliated hospitals, to work as a single team.

[See a collection of political cartoons on healthcare.]

This isn't an antifootball campaign, or a run-up to a plan to ban the popular sport. It's a way to figure out how to prevent and repair injuries that increasingly plague professional players, sometimes very tragically. We can enjoy football without watching players get so badly hit that they are damaged for life. The NFL doesn't have the proudest record on preventing player injuries. It recently reinstated New Orleans Saints coach Sean Payton after just a season's suspension despite Payton's involvement in the scandal to give cash bounties to players who injured opponents on the field. But the Harvard research?aside from helping the players themselves?might help both the league and fans to accept rules that protect the athletes.

Source: http://www.usnews.com/blogs/susan-milligan/2013/1/30/harvards-nfl-study-will-help-both-players-and-fans.html?s_cid=rss:susan-milligan:harvards-nfl-study-will-help-both-players-and-fans

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Mexico breaks up alleged border sex-slavery cult

MEXICO CITY (AP) ? Mexican officials broke up a bizarre cult that allegedly ran a sex-slavery ring among its followers on the U.S. border, Mexican immigration authorities said Tuesday.

The "Defensores de Cristo" or "Defenders of Christ" allegedly recruited women to have sex with a Spanish man who claimed he was the reincarnation of Christ, according to an institute official, who spoke on condition of anonymity because she was not authorized to speak publicly about the case.

Followers were subjected to forced labor or sexual services, including prostitution, according to a victims' advocacy group that said it filed a complaint more than a year ago about the cult.

Federal police, agents of Mexico's National Immigration Institute and prosecutors raided a house earlier this week near Nuevo Laredo, across the border from Laredo, Texas, and found cult members, including children, living in filthy conditions, according to an institute official.

The institute in a statement said 14 foreigners were detained in the raid and have been turned over to prosecutors, pending possible charges.

Those detained include six Spaniards, and two people each from Brazil, Bolivia and Venezuela. One person from Argentina and one from Ecuador were also detained. Spain's Foreign Affairs Ministry confirmed its citizens were among those arrested.

The institute said 10 Mexicans were also found at the house, mainly women, and are presumably among the victims of the cult.

The Attorney General's Office said the investigation was still under way as to what charges, if any, might apply in the case. Given the binds of sect loyalty that had been built over an estimated three years, prosecutors were still trying to work out which of the detainees may be considered victims, and which were abusers.

The institute statement said the sect's leaders made members pay "tithes," with money or forced labor.

The institute said in a statement that the Defenders of Christ was headed by Venezuelan citizen Jose Arenas Losanger Segovia.

But according to the cult's website, the leader was Spaniard Ignacio Gonzalez de Arriba. He set up shop in Mexico about three years ago, after a stint in Brazil and other parts of South America, said Myrna Garcia, an activist with the Support Network for Cult Victims who has worked with victims of the Defenders of Christ cult.

He became involved in offering courses on "bio-programming," an esoteric practice that claims to allow practicants to "reprogram" their brains to eliminate pain, suffering and anxiety, according to institute.

Neither Gonzalez de Arriba nor Losanger Segovia could be reached for comment on Tuesday. A number listed in an advertisement for the "bio-programming" courses was disconnected. It was not clear if they were among those detained.

The cult thrived in an area of Mexico that is tightly controlled by the violent Zetas drug cartel.

The Interior Department said the Defenders of Christ had not registered as a religious group, as required under Mexican law. Garcia said cells of the cult might still be active in Peru and Argentina.

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/cae69a7523db45408eeb2b3a98c0c9c5/Article_2013-01-29-Mexico-Cult%20Arrests/id-e333efe7604b4c8eb2674c613d30ee4f

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'Pretty Little Liars' star's heart lies in music

NEW YORK (AP) ? On the ABC Family series "Pretty Little Liars," Lucy Hale's character, Aria, has a passion for fashion. She wears lots of layers, textures and patterns.

"All credit goes to our costume designer, Mandi Line, who calls Aria her mini-me," Hale said in a recent interview. "This is how she dresses so it comes easy to her. This character has become her baby. Aria's the one that wears stripes and leopard print and neon all at once. Where one person will wear one trend, she'll wear all of the above but she's just fun."

"Pretty Little Liars," which airs Tuesdays (8 p.m. Eastern), is about a group of teenage girls who are being blackmailed by a mysterious group of people who go by the name A.

While Aria loves to express herself through clothes, Hale channels her emotions through music.

The 23-year-old was among the winners in 2003 of "American Juniors," a spinoff of "American Idol," where the final five formed a vocal quintet. They recorded an album but broke up in 2005.

Hale laughs that she was "just convinced I was the second coming to Kelly Clarkson."

She went into acting, landing roles on the short-lived TV show "Privileged," movies like "The Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants 2" and "Scream 4."

Now she's decided to give music another go.

Hale signed with Hollywood Records and is recording a country album, produced by Mark Bright who's worked with Rascal Flatts, Carrie Underwood and Sara Evans. She's expected to release a single, followed by an album later this year.

"(The album) is something I wanted to do way before 'Pretty Little Liars' or anything. I grew up singing, and acting sort of came up along the way. ... (Recording) is a lot of weekends, it's a lot of long nights but I'm so passionate about it ... I'm just really excited," she said.

Hale, who was "born and bred in Tennessee," says she listened to country music as she was growing up.

"Country music to me is the best music in the world. It's storytelling and it means something and it can make you feel any emotion in the world and it's just where my heart is," she said.

Kristian Bush of the country duo Sugarland is writing songs with Hale for her album. In a recent phone interview, Bush said he tried to discourage Hale because of all the hard work involved.

"I've had multiple record deals. ... Even when you're great it doesn't guarantee success," he said.

But Hale showed she was fearless, committed and has an impressive knowledge of country music.

"I would drive around in the car with her ... and she always flips the station to the country station and always sings along louder than the radio. I'm like, 'How do you know that song? I don't even know that song. I've just heard of (the band) Florida Georgia Line. How did you get that? Did you get an advance copy?' She just obsessively listens. Nothing creates a better writer or an artist than a great listener," Bush said.

Hale hopes country fans will accept her.

"Once you get in the circle of country music, you're in and they will stay with you for life," said Hale. "It's just going over the hurdle of getting in there because they don't just let anyone in. Look at the careers. You don't make one album. You make 25 albums. They're just behind your back always."

___

Online:

http://beta.abcfamily.go.com/shows/pretty-little-liars

___

Alicia Rancilio covers entertainment for The Associated Press. Follow her online at http://www.twitter.com/aliciar

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/pretty-little-liars-stars-heart-lies-music-175637053.html

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Priest, teacher convicted in Pa. church abuse case

PHILADELPHIA (AP) ? A jury on Wednesday convicted a priest and teacher in a pivotal church-abuse case that rocked the Philadelphia archdiocese and sent a church official to prison for child endangerment.

The verdict upholds the stunning account from a troubled 24-year-old policeman's son that he was sexually abused as a boy by two priests and his sixth-grade teacher. One priest took a plea deal before trial, while the jury convicted the Rev. Charles Engelhardt and former teacher Bernard Shero of all but one count.

The 2009 complaint describing the abuse led to the landmark conviction last year of Monsignor William Lynn, the longtime secretary for clergy in Philadelphia. Lynn is serving three to six years in prison for his role transferring an admitted pedophile priest to the accuser's northeast Philadelphia parish. A string of priest victims testified in Lynn's case, but none said they had been passed around like the policeman's son.

"I'm overjoyed that there was a conviction, mostly because of this victim. I really didn't expect it," said Philadelphia District Attorney Seth Williams, an active Catholic who revived efforts to prosecute the archdiocese after taking office three years ago.

The accuser, now a gaunt young man, has battled heroin abuse since his teens and still has a drug case pending. And details of his story changed frequently over the years, even about whether Shero raped him in the classroom or in a parked car.

"The victim was demonized, cross-examined, ... dehumanized. I would understand how a jury could come to a different verdict," Williams said.

The accuser said the assaults began after Engelhardt caught him drinking altar wine in fifth grade. He said Engelhardt told fellow priest Edward Avery about their "session," prompting Avery to twice sexually assault the boy. And he testified that Shero raped him a year later, after driving him home after detention.

The jury convicted Shero, 49, of Levittown, of rape, indecent sexual assault and other charges. They convicted Engelhardt, 66, of Wyndmoor, of charges including indecent assault of a child under 13, corruption of a minor and conspiracy with Avery. The jury deadlocked on one count, an indecent sexual assault count against Engelhardt, after deliberating since late Friday.

Lawyer Burton Rose described Shero after the verdict as "very distraught, very distraught." He had told jurors that his introverted, visually impaired client was an easy target for a false accuser.

Defense lawyers had argued that the accuser was simply hoping for a payout from his pending civil suit against the archdiocese. His story defied belief, they said.

He initially told a church social worker he'd been raped for five hours by Engelhardt after Mass; beaten and tied with sashes by defrocked priest Edward Avery; and raped by Shero at school. None of those details emerged in his trial testimony.

"(He) is the walking, talking personification of reasonable doubt," argued defense lawyer Michael McGovern, representing Engelhardt, an Oblate of St. Francis.

The accuser's account got a boost when Avery entered a surprise guilty plea last year. But Avery startled the courtroom this month when he testified that he never touched the boy, but took the 2-1/2- to five-year deal to avoid a longer sentence at trial.

Williams called that turn of events something fit for a "Law and Order" episode.

"He pleaded because it was a good offer," Avery's lawyer, Michael Wallace, said Wednesday. "(Jurors) think that anybody who walks down the street with a collar is guilty."

Shero and Engelhardt were taken into immediate custody. They each face more than a decade in prison when they are sentenced in April. Their relatives were inconsolable.

The victim now lives in Florida and was not in court, although his parents were. He told jurors this month that he'd been clean for a year, after 23 stints in drug rehabilitation.

Thousands of people have accused priests around the country of abuse, but the complaints were routinely locked in secret church archives. Several states, including Pennsylvania, then extended the time limit for child sex-abuse victims to pursue criminal or civil action, although victim advocates want to see additional reforms.

Philadelphia prosecutors saw their chance to renew their exhaustive, but stalled, investigation into priest abuse with the policeman's son, whose claims were viable under the new statutes.

Williams decided to charge Monsignor Lynn because Avery had been transferred to the boy's parish even though he admitted to church officials that he had abused a teen in 1992. Lynn is appealing his conviction.

In September, Kansas City Bishop Robert Finn was convicted of a misdemeanor for failing to report a priest known to possess child pornography.

The victims' advocacy group Bishopaccountability.org recently began posting the secret church documents aired at the Lynn trial. And the Archdiocese of Los Angeles was forced to make many of their secret archives public.

"The Philadelphia archive will show why statutes of limitations must be reformed in Pennsylvania and elsewhere, and why Lynn and Finn will not be the last church officials to be held accountable," Bishopaccountability officials said.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/priest-teacher-convicted-pa-church-abuse-case-205032926.html

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Next generation solar cells: Trapping sunlight with microbeads

Jan. 29, 2013 ? In five to seven years, solar cells will have become much cheaper and only one-twentieth as thick as current solar cells. The trick is to deceive the sunlight with microbeads.

Nanoscientists are currently developing the next generation of solar cells, which will be twenty times thinner than current solar cells.

Over 90 per cent of the current electricity generated by solar panels is made by silicon plates that are 200 micrometres thick. Several billion of these are produced every year. The problem is the large consumption of silicon: five grams per watt.

200 Alta power stations: This year, between five and ten billion solar panel units will be produced worldwide. This is the equivalent of 30 GW, or the capacity of 200 Alta power stations.

Though silicon is one of the most common elements on earth, pure silicon does not exist in nature. Silicon binds readily to other elements. In order for solar cells to function, the silicon plate must consist of at minimum 99,9999 per cent silicon. You read that right: if the solar cell consists of more than one millionth other materials, it does not work.

Today, pure silicon is created in smelters at 2,000 degrees Celsius. This requires a lot of energy. Factories supply silicon in bricks the size of a piece of firewood. They are then cut into slices thin enough for solar panels. Only half become solar cells. The rest turns into sawdust.

"About 100,000 tonnes of silicon are consumed every year. However, there is obviously something fundamentally wrong when half of the silicon must be thrown away during the manufacturing process," says Erik Marstein. He is the Head of the Norwegian Research Centre for Solar Cell Technology, the Head of Research for the solar cell unit at the Institute for Energy Technology (IFE) at Kjeller outside of Oslo, and an Associate Professor in the Department of Physics at the University of Oslo (UiO), Norway.

The price of solar cells is falling steadily. Today, solar panels cost a half Euro for every watt. Only four years ago, the price was two Euros per watt.

"It is difficult to make money producing solar cells at current prices. To make money, solar cells must be manufactured much more cheaply."

Super-thin solar cells in 2020

Together with Professor Aasmund Sudb? in the Department of Physics, Erik Marstein is at the forefront of the development of the next generation of solar cells. They can come on the market in five to seven years.

"The most obvious way ahead is to make very thin solar cell slices, without increasing costs."

This general rule applies to all types of solar cells: the more electrons sunlight pushes out, the more electricity. And the more energy in the electrons, the higher the voltage.

"The thinner the solar cells become, the easier it is to extract the electricity. In principle, there will therefore be a higher voltage and more electricity in thinner cells. We are now developing solar cells that are at least as good as the current ones, but that can be made with just one twentieth of the silicon. This means that the consumption of silicon can be reduced by 95 per cent," says Erik Marstein to the research magazine Apollon at University of Oslo.

However, there is a big but! The thinner the plates, the less sunlight is trapped. This has to do with the wavelengths of light. Blue light has a much shorter wavelength than red light. Blue light can be trapped by plates that are only a few micrometres thick. In order to trap the red light, the silicon plate must be almost one millimetre thick. For infrared light, the plate must be even thicker.

When the solar cell plate is to be as thin as 20 micrometres, too much of the light will go straight through.

The thickness of current solar cells is doubled by a mirror. By reflecting the light, the passage of the light through the plate is doubled.

A 20 micrometre think solar cell with a mirror will in theory be 40 micrometres thick. However, that is not enough. Furthermore, the current mirrors are far from perfect: they only reflect 70 to 80 per cent of the light.

The magic

"This is where the magic comes in. We are trying every possible wonderful trick with light. Our trick is to deceive the sunlight into staying longer in the solar cell"

"We are trying every possible wonderful trick with light."

This extends the duration of the sunlight's passage within the solar cell," explains Erik Marstein. This is called light harvesting.

His research group is now making a back sheet peppered with periodic structures, to be able to decide exactly where the light should go. They have managed to force the light to move sideways.

"We can increase the apparent thickness 25 times by forcing the light up and down all the time. We have calculated what this back sheet must look like and are currently studying which structures work."

One of the options is to cover the entire back sheet with Uglestad microbeads, which is one of the greatest Norwegian inventions of the previous century. Uglestad microbeads are very small plastic spheres. Each sphere is exactly the same size.

"We can force the Uglestad microbeads to lie close together on the silicon surface, in an almost perfect periodic pattern. Laboratory trials have shown that the microbeads can be used as a mask." Doctoral Research Fellow Jostein Thorstensen shows that lasers are well-suited to etch indentations around the microbeads.

"We are now investigating whether this and other methods can be scaled up for industrial production. We have great faith in this, and are currently in discussions with multiple industrial partners, but we cannot yet say who."

Asymmetrical tricks

To trap even more light in the solar cell, Jo Gjessing has completed a doctorate on how to make asymmetrical micro indentations on the back of the silicon slice.

"Cylinders, cones and hemispheres are symmetrical shapes. We have proposed a number of structures that break the symmetry. Our calculations show that asymmetrical microindentations can trap even more of the sunlight," says his supervisor, Erik Marstein.

In practice, this means that 20 micrometre solar cells with symmetrical micro indentations are as effective as 16 micrometre plates with asymmetrical indentations. This means that silicone consumption can be reduced by another 20 per cent.

"Our main goal has been to get the same amount of electricity from thinner cells. We will be very satisfied even if our new solar cells are 30 micrometres," notes Professor Aasmund Sudb?.

The new solar cells are produced in different ways, for instance by splitting the thin silicone foil or growing thin silicon films. And the extra bonus? Silicon wastage is minimal.

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Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/top_news/top_technology/~3/OtKo-l8Ywv4/130129075615.htm

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Interview: An Anthropologist on Tiger Woods | Savage Minds

I had the pleasure of pitching a few questions to Orin Starn, Chair and Professor of Cultural Anthropology at Duke University, about ?popular anthropology,? golf, Ishi?s brain, and the right PC sports to play if you?re an anthropologist (its not golf!).

AF: I really liked your book The Passion of Tiger Woods: An Anthropologist Reports on Golf, Race, and Celebrity Scandal. As a golfer and media producer I found the book impossible to put down but as an anthropologist it made me wonder about the future of the discipline.

It might just be my hang-up having just earned my PhD badge but a key concern is the absence of data derived from ethnographic field research. You make passing reference to playing golf with other players and taking notes about the experience on the links but none of that information seemed to explicitly inform your reading of Tiger Woods. The book is primarily an analysis of representation?how race is discussed online, on TV, in tabloids. Again, this makes me think that some form of offline ethnographic research in these cultural industries might have afforded you and your readers access to forms of information not easily accessible. This brings up for me a bunch of questions:

How important is ethnographic field research for the future of the discipline?

OS: For all the many changes over the decades, I think that intense, engaged fieldwork remains the single most distinctive thing about anthropology. I I think and hope it?ll remain just that. I like very much the idea that understanding another way of doing things shouldn?t be a fly-by proposal, but deserves the kind of deep, sustained engagement that only fieldwork can provide. I?m not sure that the actual ethnographies we write ? which aren?t always very interesting ? do justice to the great time and energy we give to our research, and yet I?m still a believer in the Boasian credo that fieldwork matters.

AF: In what ways can be scholarship be ?anthropological? without being ?ethnographic??

OS: Well, anthropology is really just the study of how people live, think, and make their way in the world. Anthropologists certainly have no monopoly over this endeavor, and, in fact, I end up using a lot of writing by journalists, memoirists, and fiction writers in my introduction to anthropology classes. They often do a better job shedding light on the dynamics of culture, politics, and history than we anthropologists do. I can?t think, for example, of a better book about the political economy of work than Barbara Ehrenreich?s Nickel and Dimed, or about history, culture, and commerice in the Indian Ocean than Amitav Ghosh?s Sea of Poppies (though one would like to think Ghosh?s training as an anthropologists might have been of aid in his writing). All this work isn?t necessarily ethnographic ? though in some cases journalists like Ehrenreich do what we?d think of as fieldwork ? and yet it?s deeply anthropological in the sense of its attention to the ebb and flow of life and experience.

AF: Can you comment on the future of offline ethnography in an online world?

OS: I?m not really sure that one can distinguish between off-line and online ethnography any longer. It?s the rare anthropologist that doesn?t in one way or another deal with the internet in their work. And online ethnography always requires attention to the dynamics of power, politics, and symbol in what we used to call the real world.

AF: You?ve provided commentary for ESPN and NPR, how do you distinguish your work as an anthropologist from your work as a journalist?

OS: I don?t think of them as different realms, and the points I try to make when I?m on the air are ones that grow out of my work as an anthropologist. But, certainly, speaking on the radio and, say, at an academic conference demand employing quite different registers and vocabularies. I?ve always liked Donna Haraway?s injunction that we should learn, insofar as it?s possible, to be tricksterish shape-shifters, able to pitch our voice in different ways for different situations.

AF: What is your selection process for your research?

OS: I think you have to pick topics that you really care about it. It?s just too demanding to do years of research and years more of writing about something that you don?t think matters, and that doesn?t engage you at some really profound level (though, of course, we all tend to get sick of our dissertations or latest book by the time we get to the end of them!). It?s very much a post-60s generational thing, but I?ve always been concerned with questions of politics and social change, and in one way or another all of my work has been linked to those issues, even my work on golf with its strange, troubled history as the unofficial pastime of presidents, CEOS, and global business.

AF: How has that selection process changed throughout the course of your career?

OS: Sometimes the odd turns of necessity factor into what we decide to work on. I?ve had six back operations over the past three years, and have two titanium discs in my back courtesy of a Swedish surgeon. As I was bedridden on medical leave for some of this time, I didn?t have the option of going back to Peru or some other more conventional project. So I ended up doing largely online ethnography for a book about Tiger Woods and what his troubles say about sports, race, and sex in America today. My previous book, Ishi?s Brain, also grew from an unexpected turn of things. When I was doing some preliminary research into the story of Ishi, the last Yahi Indian, I stumbled upon old letters showing his brain had been shipped off to the Smithsonian. That led me into writing a book about the story of death and survival in Native California, and the role of anthropology and museums in it all, and the quite extraordinary figure of Ishi himself.

AF: How would you advice a PhD student who came to you and said they wanted to play some golf and eventually write a dissertation based largely on online data about Tigergate?

OS: I?d discourage them. Tenure confers certain luxuries, and writing a book about golf and sex scandal is one of them. But, more broadly, I actually do think that doing some serious, more conventional offline ethnography is still really important in one?s development as an anthropologist, a rite of passage of genuine value. And, though you need always to choose to do your dissertation on something you really care about, there?s also the pragmatics of a down job market. Unless golf studies suddenly is the next big disciplinary thing, an event less likely than the return of the dinosaurs, then writing a dissertation about Tiger is not going to be much of a calling card for a first job.

AF: You are a great writer and clearly interested in popular or potentially popular issues. This book on Tiger and your last book on Ishi exhibit your penchant for taking on scandalous subjects. I see you as one of few anthropologist interested in showing that anthropological books can have a place in airport bookshops potentially alongside the tabloids you write about.

What do you see as the future of popular anthropology?

OS: I?m a little leery of the term ?popular anthropology,? which has a Harlequiny ring of pulpy and lightweight. Margaret Mead, unfairly was never really taken as seriously by some in the field precisely because her work seemed too ?popular,? or at least to sell too many copies. I?ve actually found it much harder to write in a more readable, trade press voice than to churn out a jargony journal article. When you?re writing for a larger audience, you still need to try to be smart, nuanced, and drawing on theory, and yet you have to do it in a way that keeps the reader turning the pages. I?m not against jargon or specialized publications at all, but we?ve really failed dismally as a discipline in recent decades to produce much work that has mattered beyond the discipline. I?d love us to pay more attention the craft of writing, and how to communicate our ideas to more than the ten readers of this or that specialized journal.

AF: It says on the back of the book that you have a 5 -handicap. How about a 5$ Nassau on the Monday after the next AAA meeting? You give me 2 strokes a side, OK?

OS: You?re on! But I gather you are a former Idaho state high school champion, and I won?t have much of a chance. In any event, we shouldn?t tell anyone at the AAAs we?re going to play, since coming out of the closet as golfers will be damaging to any pc credentials we may wish to retain. Yoga, meditation, swimming, hiking, or maybeultimate frisbee would be more in line with the expected anthropological recreational profile.

AF: You can say that again!

[See a great video-trailer for Orin?s book here: The Passion of Tiger Woods: An Anthropologist Reports on Golf, Race, and Celebrity Scandal.]

I am a cultural anthropologist and media studies scholar currently lecturing in the Sociology Department at Lancaster University. I investigate the interface of economic and political power, cultural discourses and practices, and networked communication technologies. These interests coalesce into critical and ethnographic investigations into digital culture, media policy, and network activism. mediacultures.org, @mediacultures

Source: http://savageminds.org/2013/01/30/interview-an-anthropologist-on-tiger-woods/

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laiumiu: Education & Reference 2020: The Best American Science and

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The Best American series is the premier annual showcase for the country?s finest short fiction and nonfiction. Each volume?s series editor selects notable works from hundreds of magazines, journals, and websites. A special guest editor, a leading writer in the field, then chooses the best twenty or so pieces to publish. This unique system has made the Best American series the most respected ? and most popular ? of its kind.

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JEROME GROOPMAN, SY MONTGOMERY, MICHAEL BEHAR, DEBORAH BLUM, THOMAS GOETZ, DAVID EAGLEMAN, RIVKA GALCHEN, DAVID KIRBY, and others

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Source: http://greateducationreference609.blogspot.com/2013/01/the-best-american-science-and-nature.html

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Futures slide on meager growth figures

NEW YORK (AP) ? Stock futures slid Wednesday after the government revealed that economic growth in the U.S. shrank in the final quarter of 2012, the first time that has happened in more than three years.

Dow Jones industrial futures fell 12 points to 13,896. The broader S&P futures gave up 2.6 points to 1,502.50. Nasdaq futures slipped 3 points to 2,739.75.

Part of the reason for the slowing growth was the biggest cutback in U.S. defense spending in four decades.

The economy contracted at an annual rate of 0.1 percent in the fourth quarter, according to the Commerce Department. That's a sharp slowdown from the 3.1 percent growth rate in the July-September quarter, and it was worse than most economists had expected.

It immediately raised questions about the strength of the economic recovery going forward, given the tax increases that went into effect this month, and also additional government spending cuts that are on the way.

There were encouraging signs in the Commerce Department report.

There was a growth in business and consumer spending, the latter making up about 70 percent of overall economic growth.

Attention now turns to the Federal Reserve, which wraps up a two-day policy meeting Wednesday and could provide hints about interest rates going forward. While government spending cuts and a slower inventory buildup shaved a total of 2.6 percentage points from growth, both of those numbers tend to be volatile.

And a private survey Wednesday also showed that U.S. businesses increased hiring in January compared with a revised December reading.

Employers added 192,000 jobs in January, according to payroll processor ADP. That's more than December's revised number of 185,000, which had initially been reported at 215,000.

The ADP report is derived from payroll data and tracks total nonfarm private employment each month. The increase in hiring occurred after Congress and the Obama administration reached an agreement on Jan. 1 to avoid sharp tax increases and across-the-board government spending cuts.

Also on Wednesday, Boeing topped most Wall Street expectations for the fourth quarter. More importantly perhaps, the plane maker said that earnings this year will be $5 to $5.20 per share, with revenue of $82 billion to $85 billion. The outlook assumes "no significant financial impact" from the grounding of the 787, the company's most advanced aircraft that has suffered a series of mishaps.

U.S. investigators said Wednesday that they have asked Boeing Co. to provide a full operating history of lithium-ion batteries used in its grounded 787 Dreamliners after Japan's All Nippon Airways revealed it had repeatedly replaced the batteries even before overheating problems surfaced.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/futures-slide-meager-growth-figures-140705267--finance.html

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FDA warns company over unapproved flu remedy

WASHINGTON (AP) ? Federal regulators say a Florida company has been marketing an untested inhaled formula as a flu remedy in violation of drug safety regulations.

The Food and Drug Administration and the Federal Trade Commission issued a warning letter to Flu and Cold Defense LLC for making misleading, unproven claims about its GermBullet inhaler.

The warning comes amid a worse-than-usual flu season that has hit the elderly particularly hard. So far, half of confirmed flu cases are in people 65 and older.

FDA regulators say they are seeing an uptick in bogus flu remedies, including fake flu vaccines, counterfeit antiviral drugs and air filters that allegedly remove the flu from the air.

"When there is a particular health issue in the news fraudulent products spike," said Howard Sklamberg, FDA's director of compliance. "So right now fraud products to prevent or treat the flu are big with scammers."

The Boca Raton, Fla.-based Flu and Cold Defense advertises the product as a "proprietary blend of 11 organic botanicals." The company's website claims that "an FDA recognized virology lab" tested the formula and "confirmed that it has the potential capability to kill cold and flu viruses."

But FDA regulators say the mixture has never been reviewed as safe and effective and the company is violating drug safety regulations.

All new drugs marketed in the U.S. must be submitted for approval to the FDA before they can be sold to consumers. Sklamberg says consumers should remember that "there aren't any legally marketed over-the-counter products to prevent or treat the flu."

The GermBullet is sold online through retailers like CVS.com and at a handful of small pharmacies and natural food stores in Florida.

A man reached by phone at Flu and Cold Defense's office could not immediately comment on the warning letter.

This year's flu season started about a month earlier than normal and the dominant flu strain is one that tends to make people sicker. The government doesn't keep a running tally of adult deaths from the flu, but estimates that it kills about 24,000 people most years. Vaccinations are recommended for anyone 6 months or older.

Flu and Cold Defense issued a news release early in the month saying GermBullet "may help protect you so your immune system is not overwhelmed as the flu reaches epidemic levels." FDA and FTC regulators take issue with that statement and a number of others from the company's website, including that the inhaler is "shown to reduce illness-causing bacteria, cold and flu viruses and fungi."

The letter, dated Jan. 24, was posted to the FDA's website Tuesday.

Regulators gave the company 15 business days to correct the problematic statements.

"The FTC strongly urges you to review all claims for your products and ensure that those claims are supported by competent and reliable scientific evidence," states the letter.

The FDA regularly issues warning letters to companies that do not follow regulations for manufacturing and promoting drugs and medical devices. The letters are not legally binding, but the FDA can take companies to court if they are ignored.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/fda-warns-company-over-unapproved-flu-remedy-165034955--finance.html

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Seven Brides of Satan

Jewell Holte needs her husband to find the Seven Brides. If he fails, her world will come to a terrible end. If he succeeds, she will die. Can Daniel find a way to find them, and keep his wife alive? The only problem being--Jewell is already dead.

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This topic is an Out Of Character part of the roleplay, ?Seven Brides of Satan?. Anything posted here will also show up there.

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Forum for completely Out of Character (OOC) discussion, based around whatever is happening In Character (IC). Discuss plans, storylines, and events; Recruit for your roleplaying game, or find a GM for your playergroup.

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Okay - Possibly one of the coolest intro's ;3
Could I please reserve a bride?

"Light can be found in even the darkest places if one only remembers to turn on the lights." - Albus Dumbledore.

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Link found between insulin sensitivity, cells' powerhouses: Mice with mitochondrial mutation live longer, have less fat

Jan. 28, 2013 ? If findings of a new study in mice are any indication, it might be possible to fine-tune cellular powerhouses called mitochondria, tweaking one aspect to increase insulin sensitivity, reduce body and fat mass, and even extend life. Exploiting this target could one day lead to novel treatments for type 2 diabetes -- an endocrine system disease that affects 8 percent of the U.S. population. The research also points to promising new avenues of investigation in the biology of aging.

The study, reported in The FASEB Journal by authors from the School of Medicine at the UT Health Science Center San Antonio and the university's Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, found that diminished activity of a protein complex involved in mitochondrial function was associated with healthy changes in the mice. The median life span of this strain of mice is 20 percent longer.

Paradoxical

"This is an unexpected finding because you would think that something that decreases mitochondrial function would have a damaging effect, but instead we saw an increase in life span and beneficial metabolic effects," said lead author Deepa Sathyaseelan, Ph.D., research assistant professor of cellular and structural biology in the School of Medicine.

"The most important thing we noticed is reduced body weight and decreased fat mass in the mice," Dr. Sathyaseelan said. "We found that this decreased fat mass is due to increased fat utilization."

Fat utilization

Mitochondria produce an energy source called ATP that is necessary for the functions of life, everything from breathing to thinking. Additionally the cellular powerhouses are a major site of fat utilization, said study senior author Holly Van Remmen, Ph.D., professor of cellular and structural biology. Fat is an endocrine organ that performs many functions, and having it in the correct proportions is important for the body. Too much or too little fat is harmful.

The scientists also observed that mice with the mutation, in contrast to control animals, make greater numbers of new mitochondria. This is important because cells are constantly remodeling themselves, including mitochondrial overhaul.

Age-related

Mitochondrial dysfunction occurs with age and is associated with many age-related diseases such as type 2 diabetes, heart disease and cancer. Dr. Sathyaseelan said the study "opens the door to new clues about how mitochondrial function might modulate insulin sensitivity," representing an important step for diabetes research.

Type 2 diabetes involves abnormalities with insulin, a hormone secreted by beta cells in the pancreas. Insulin helps the body store and use sugar from food, but in type 2 diabetes the body is insulin resistant, that is, it inefficiently responds to the hormone. With time the beta cells in diabetic patients start to die, resulting in less insulin to handle the demands. Levels of the hormone become progressively lower and sugar levels are increased progressively, damaging blood vessels and organs.

Understanding longevity

"I would also like to point out that these mice live longer," Dr. Van Remmen said. "For us they are very important from an aging standpoint. We want to understand how these animals can have added longevity, yet have a 60 percent reduction in a protein complex involved in mitochondrial function."

Dr. Sathyaseelan noted that life extension in association with decrease of the complex's activity is seen across species, including roundworms and flies. Shane Rea, Ph.D., assistant professor of physiology at the Barshop Institute, is one of the first to make this discovery in the worms.

The Barshop Institute team obtained the study mice from an Italian institute where studies are ongoing. Dr. Sathyaseelan recently received a two-year, $140,000 grant from the American Heart Association to understand how mitochondrial dysfunction is related to insulin sensitivity.

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Story Source:

The above story is reprinted from materials provided by University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, via EurekAlert!, a service of AAAS.

Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.

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Journal Reference:

1. S. S. Deepa, D. Pulliam, S. Hill, Y. Shi, M. E. Walsh, A. Salmon, L. Sloane, N. Zhang, M. Zeviani, C. Viscomi, N. Musi, H. Van Remmen. Improved insulin sensitivity associated with reduced mitochondrial complex IV assembly and activity. The FASEB Journal, 2012; DOI: 10.1096/fj.12-221879

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: This article is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/health_medicine/genes/~3/rk2jSNJXv1k/130129100255.htm

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Google Giving helps bring 15,000 Raspberry Pi units to UK school children

It's not every day your class gets a visit from a tech bigwig like Eric Schmidt. Google's executive chairman paid a visit to a UK school, alongside Raspberry Pi co-founder Eben Upton. The duo were there to talk code, an appearance that coincided with the announcement that a grant from Google Giving will be bringing 15,000 Raspberry Pi Model Bs to kids in that country. The companies will be working alongside six educational partners to decide precisely whose hands those little computers will end up in. More info on the program can be found in the source link.

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